UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019
Commission file number 1-12616
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
(State of Incorporation) | Commission file number | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) | (Zip Code) | ||||
(248 ) 208-2500
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. (Check one):
Accelerated filer | Non-accelerated filer | Smaller reporting company | Emerging growth company | |
☒ | ☐ | ☐ | ||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of June 30, 2019, the aggregate market value of the Registrant’s stock held by non-affiliates was $11,363,494,077 (computed by reference to the closing sales price of the Registrant’s common stock as of June 30, 2019). For this computation, the Registrant has excluded the market value of all shares of common stock reported as beneficially owned by executive officers and directors of the Registrant; such exclusion shall not be deemed to constitute an admission that any such person is an affiliate of the Registrant.
Number of shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding as of February 13, 2020: 93,319,200
Documents Incorporated By Reference
Unless provided in an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the information required by Part III is incorporated by reference to the registrant’s proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A, with respect to the registrant’s 2020 annual meeting of stockholders.
SUN COMMUNITIES, INC.
Table of Contents
Item | Description | Page |
Part I. | ||
Item 1. | Business | |
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | |
Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | |
Item 2. | Properties | |
Item 3. | Legal Proceedings | |
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | |
Part II. | ||
Item 5. | Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | |
Item 6. | Selected Financial Data | |
Item 7. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | |
Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | |
Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | |
Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | |
Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures | |
Item 9B. | Other Information | |
Part III. | ||
Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | |
Item 11. | Executive Compensation | |
Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | |
Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | |
Item 14. | Principal Accountant Fees and Services | |
Part IV. | ||
Item 15. | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules | |
Item 16. | Form 10-K Summary | |
SUN COMMUNITIES, INC.
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
GENERAL
Sun Communities, Inc., a Maryland corporation, and all wholly-owned or majority-owned and controlled subsidiaries, including Sun Communities Operating Limited Partnership, a Michigan limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”) and Sun Home Services, Inc., a Michigan corporation (“SHS”) are referred to herein as the “Company,” “us,” “we,” and “our”. We are a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust (“REIT”).
We are a fully integrated real estate company which, together with our affiliates and predecessors, have been in the business of acquiring, operating, developing, and expanding manufactured housing (“MH”) and recreational vehicle (“RV”) communities since 1975. We lease individual parcels of land (“sites”) with utility access for placement of manufactured homes and RVs to our customers. We are also engaged through a taxable subsidiary, SHS, in the marketing, selling, and leasing of new and pre-owned homes to current and future residents in our communities. The operations of SHS support and enhance our occupancy levels, property performance and cash flows.
We own, operate, or have an interest in a portfolio of MH and RV communities. As of December 31, 2019, we owned, operated or had an interest in a portfolio of 422 properties in 33 states and Ontario, Canada (collectively, the “Properties” or “Communities”), including 266 MH communities, 122 RV communities, and 34 Properties containing both MH and RV sites. As of December 31, 2019, the Properties contained an aggregate of 141,293 developed sites comprised of 93,821 developed MH sites, 26,056 annual RV sites (inclusive of both annual and seasonal usage rights), and 21,416 transient RV sites. There are approximately 10,300 additional MH and RV sites suitable for development. We also own a 50 percent interest in a joint venture formed to establish and grow a manufactured housing community development program in Australia.
Our executive and principal property management office is located at 27777 Franklin Road, Suite 200, Southfield, Michigan 48034 and our telephone number is (248) 208-2500. We have regional property management offices located in Austin, Texas; Grand Rapids, Michigan; Denver, Colorado; Ft. Myers, Florida; and Orlando, Florida; and we employed an aggregate of 3,146 full and part time employees as of December 31, 2019.
Our website address is www.suncommunities.com and we make available, free of charge, on or through our website all of our periodic reports, including our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and current reports on Form 8-K, as soon as reasonably practicable after we file such reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
STRUCTURE OF THE COMPANY
The Operating Partnership is structured as an umbrella partnership REIT, or UPREIT. In 1993, we contributed our net assets to the Operating Partnership in exchange for the sole general partner interest in the Operating Partnership and the majority of all the Operating Partnership’s initial capital. We conduct substantially all of our operations through the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership owns, either directly or indirectly through other subsidiaries, all of our assets. This UPREIT structure enables us to comply with certain complex requirements under the federal tax rules and regulations applicable to REITs, and to acquire MH and RV communities in transactions that defer some or all of the sellers’ tax consequences. The financial results of the Operating Partnership and our other subsidiaries are consolidated in our Consolidated Financial Statements. The financial results include certain activities that do not necessarily qualify as REIT activities under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). We have formed taxable REIT subsidiaries, as defined in the Code, to engage in such activities. We use taxable REIT subsidiaries to offer certain services to our residents and engage in activities that would not otherwise be permitted under the REIT rules if provided directly by us or by the Operating Partnership. The taxable REIT subsidiaries include our home sales business, SHS, which provides manufactured home sales, leasing, and other services to current and prospective tenants of the Properties.
Under the partnership agreement, the Operating Partnership is structured to make distributions with respect to certain of the Operating Partnership units (“OP units”) at the same time that distributions are made to our common stockholders. The Operating Partnership is structured to permit limited partners holding certain classes or series of OP units to exchange those OP units for shares of our common stock (in a taxable transaction) and achieve liquidity for their investment.
As the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, we generally have the power to manage and have complete control over the conduct of the Operating Partnership’s affairs and all decisions or actions made or taken by us as the general partner pursuant to the partnership agreement are generally binding upon all of the partners and the Operating Partnership.
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We do not own all of the OP units. As of December 31, 2019, the Operating Partnership had issued and outstanding:
• | 1,283,819 preferred OP units (“Aspen preferred OP units”); |
• | 309,234 Series A-1 preferred OP units; |
• | 310,424 Series C preferred OP units; |
• | 488,958 Series D preferred OP units; |
• | 40,268 Series A-3 preferred OP units; |
• | 95,600,640 common OP units. |
As of December 31, 2019, we held:
• | no Aspen preferred OP units, Series A-1 preferred OP units, Series C preferred OP units, Series D preferred OP units, or Series A-3 preferred OP units; |
• | 93,180,481 common OP units, or approximately 97.5 percent of the issued and outstanding common OP units; |
In January 2019, we redeemed all 26,750 outstanding Series B-3 preferred OP units. The weighted average redemption price per unit, which included accrued and unpaid distributions, was $100.153424. In the aggregate, we paid $2.7 million to redeem all of the Series B-3 OP units.
In December 2019, we converted all outstanding shares of our 6.50 percent Series A-4 Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock and Series A-4 preferred OP units into common stock and common OP units, respectively. All 1,031,747 shares of Series A-4 preferred stock were converted into 458,541 shares of common stock (net of fractional shares paid in cash) and all 405,656 Series A-4 preferred OP units were converted into 180,277 common OP units (net of fractional shares paid in cash).
On January 9, 2020, the Operating Partnership created a new class of OP units named Series E Preferred OP Units in conjunction with the acquisition of a MH community in East Falmouth, Massachusetts. As of February 13, 2020, 90,000 Series E Preferred OP Units were outstanding.
Ranking and Priority
The various classes and series of OP units issued by the Operating Partnership rank as follows with respect to rights to the payment of distributions and the distribution of assets in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Operating Partnership:
• | first, Aspen preferred OP units and Series A-1 preferred OP units, on parity with each other; |
• | next, the Series C preferred OP units; |
• | next, the Series D preferred OP units; |
• | next, the Series E preferred OP units; |
• | next, the Series A-3 preferred OP units; and |
• | finally, the common OP units. |
Common OP Units
Subject to certain limitations, the holder of each common OP unit at its option may convert such common OP unit at any time into one share of our common stock. Holders of common OP units are entitled to receive distributions from the Operating Partnership as and when declared by the general partner, provided that all accrued distributions payable on OP units ranking senior to the common OP units have been paid. The holders of common OP units generally receive distributions on the same dates and in amounts equal to the distributions paid to holders of our common stock.
Aspen Preferred OP Units
Subject to certain limitations, at any time prior to January 1, 2024 (or prior to January 1, 2034 with respect to the extended units discussed below), the holder of each Aspen preferred OP unit at its option may convert such Aspen preferred OP unit into: (a) if the average closing price of our common stock for the preceding ten trading days is $68.00 per share or less, 0.397 common OP units, or (b) if the average closing price of our common stock for the preceding ten trading days is greater than $68.00 per share, the number of common OP units determined by dividing (i) the sum of (A) $27.00 plus (B) 25 percent of the amount by which the average closing price of our common stock for the preceding ten trading days exceeds $68.00 per share, by (ii) the average closing price of our common stock for the preceding
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ten trading days. The holders of Aspen preferred OP units are entitled to receive distributions not less than quarterly. Distributions on Aspen preferred OP units are generally paid on the same dates as distributions are paid to holders of common OP units. Except for Extended Units as discussed below, each Aspen preferred OP unit is entitled to receive distributions in an amount equal to the product of (x) its original per unit issuance price of $27.00, multiplied by (y) an annual rate equal to the 10-year U.S. Treasury bond yield plus 239 basis points; provided, however, that the aggregate distribution rate shall not be less than 6.5 percent nor more than 9 percent. On January 2, 2024, (or on January 2, 2034, with respect to the Extended Units described below), we are required to redeem all Aspen preferred OP units that have not been converted to common OP units. In addition, we are required to redeem the Aspen preferred OP units of any holder thereof within five days after receipt of a written demand during the existence of certain uncured Aspen preferred OP unit defaults, including our failure to pay distributions on the Aspen preferred OP units when due and our failure to provide certain security for the payment of distributions on the Aspen preferred OP units. We may also redeem Aspen preferred OP units from time to time if we and the holder thereof agree to do so.
On January 13, 2020, at the election of certain Aspen preferred OP unit holders, the Operating Partnership extended the automatic redemption date and reduced the annual distribution rate for 270,000 of the Aspen preferred OP units (the “Extended Units”). The Extended Units may be converted at the holder’s election into common OP units at any time before January 1, 2034 using the same formula as for the other Aspen Units. All Extended Units then outstanding must be redeemed by the Operating Partnership on January 2, 2034 at the same redemption price as for the other Aspen preferred OP units. The Extended Units receive annual distributions at a rate of 3.8 percent on their original $27.00 per unit issuance price. As of February 13, 2020, 270,000 of the Extended Units and 1,013,813 other Aspen preferred OP units were outstanding.
Series A-1 Preferred OP Units
Subject to certain limitations, the holder of each Series A-1 preferred OP unit at its option may exchange such Series A-1 preferred OP unit at any time into approximately 2.4390 shares of our common stock (which exchange rate is subject to adjustment upon stock splits, recapitalizations, and similar events). The holders of Series A-1 preferred OP units are entitled to receive distributions not less than quarterly. Distributions on Series A-1 preferred OP units are generally paid on the last day of each quarter. Each Series A-1 preferred OP unit is entitled to receive distributions in an amount equal to the product of $100.00 multiplied by an annual rate equal to 6.0 percent. Series A-1 preferred OP units do not have any voting or consent rights on any matter requiring the consent or approval of the Operating Partnership’s limited partners.
Series A-3 Preferred OP Units
Subject to certain limitations, the holder of each Series A-3 preferred OP unit at its option may exchange such Series A-3 preferred OP unit at any time into approximately 1.8605 shares of our common stock (which exchange rate is subject to adjustment upon stock splits, recapitalizations, and similar events). The holders of Series A-3 preferred OP units are entitled to receive distributions not less than quarterly. Each Series A-3 preferred OP unit is entitled to receive distributions in an amount equal to the product of $100.00 multiplied by an annual rate equal to 4.5 percent. Series A-3 preferred OP units do not have any voting or consent rights on any matter requiring the consent or approval of the Operating Partnership’s limited partners.
Series C Preferred OP Units
Subject to certain limitations, the holder of each Series C preferred OP unit at its option may exchange such Series C preferred OP unit at any time into 1.11 shares of our common stock (which exchange rate is subject to adjustment upon stock splits, recapitalizations, and similar events). The holders of Series C preferred OP units are entitled to receive distributions not less than quarterly. Each Series C preferred OP unit is entitled to receive distributions in an amount equal to the product of $100.00 multiplied by an annual rate equal to (i) 4.5 percent until April 1, 2020, and (ii) 5.0 percent after April 2, 2020. Series C preferred OP units do not have any voting or consent rights on any matter requiring the consent or approval of the Operating Partnership’s limited partners.
Series D Preferred OP Units
Subject to certain limitations, each Series D preferred OP unit is exchangeable at any time after the first anniversary of its issuance date into 0.8 shares of the Company’s common stock (as such ratio is subject to adjustment for certain capital events). The Series D preferred OP units provide for quarterly distributions on the $100 per unit issue price of 3.75 percent per year until January 31, 2021, and 4.0 percent per year thereafter. Subject to certain limitations, the Series D preferred OP unit holders may cause the Operating Partnership to redeem all or a portion of their Series D preferred OP units for $100 per unit (plus any accrued but unpaid distributions) any time after the earlier of: (i) the fifth anniversary of the issuance of the Series D preferred OP units, or (ii) the Operating Partnership’s notice of the death of the principal of the initial holder of the Series D preferred OP units. The Series D preferred OP units have no voting rights.
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Series E Preferred OP Units
Subject to certain limitations, each Series E Preferred Unit is exchangeable at any time after the first anniversary of its issuance date into that number of shares of the Company’s common stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing $100.00 by $145.00 (which ratio is subject to adjustment for certain capital events). The Series E Preferred Units provide for quarterly distributions of 5.25 percent per year until the second anniversary of their issuance date and 5.50 percent per year thereafter. The Series E preferred OP units have no voting rights.
REAL PROPERTY OPERATIONS
Properties are designed and improved for several home options of various sizes and designs that consist of both MH communities and RV communities.
An MH community is a residential subdivision designed and improved with sites for the placement of manufactured homes, related improvements, and amenities. Manufactured homes are detached, single‑family homes which are produced off‑site by manufacturers and installed on site within the community. Manufactured homes are available in a wide array of designs, providing owners with a level of customization generally unavailable in multi-family housing developments.
Modern MH communities contain improvements similar to other garden‑style residential developments, including centralized entrances, paved streets, curbs, gutters, and parkways. In addition, these communities also often provide a number of amenities, such as a clubhouse, a swimming pool, shuffleboard courts, tennis courts, and laundry facilities.
An RV community is a resort or park designed and improved with sites for the placement of RVs for varied lengths of time. Properties may also provide vacation rental homes. RV communities include a number of amenities such as restaurants, golf courses, swimming pools, tennis courts, fitness centers, planned activities, and spacious social facilities.
Renters at our Properties lease the site on which a manufactured home, vacation rental home, or RV is located. We typically own the underlying land, utility connections, streets, lighting, driveways, common area amenities, and other capital improvements and are responsible for enforcement of community guidelines and maintenance. In eight of our 422 communities, we do not own all of the underlying land and operate the communities pursuant to ground leases. Certain of the Properties provide water and sewer service through public or private utilities, while others provide these services to residents from on-site facilities. Each owner of a home within our Properties is responsible for the maintenance of the home and leased site. As a result, our capital expenditure needs tend to be less significant relative to multi-family rental apartment complexes.
We compete with other available MH and RV communities, and alternative forms of housing (such as on-site constructed homes, condominiums and townhouses) as they provide housing alternatives to potential tenants of MH and RV communities.
PROPERTY MANAGEMENT
Our property management strategy emphasizes intensive, hands-on management by dedicated, on-site community managers. We believe that this on-site focus enables us to continually monitor and address resident concerns, the performance of competitive properties, and local market conditions. As of December 31, 2019, we employed 3,146 full and part time employees, of which 2,742 were located on-site as property managers, support staff, or maintenance personnel.
Our community managers are overseen by John B. McLaren, our President and Chief Operating Officer, who has been in the MH industry since 1995, three Senior Vice Presidents of Operations and Sales, 10 Divisional Vice Presidents and 36 Regional Vice Presidents. Each Regional Vice President is responsible for regular property inspections, and oversight of property operations and sales functions, semi-annual market surveys of competitive communities, and interaction with local manufactured home dealers for eight to fifteen properties.
Each district or community manager performs regular inspections in order to continually monitor the Property’s physical condition and to effectively address tenant concerns. In addition to a district or community manager, each district or property has on-site maintenance personnel and management support staff. We hold mandatory training sessions for all new property management personnel to ensure that management policies and procedures are executed effectively and professionally. All of our property management personnel participate in on-going training to ensure that changes to management policies and procedures are implemented consistently. We offer approximately 350 trainings including books, online courses, webinars, and live sessions for our team members through our Sun University, which has led to increased knowledge and accountability for daily operations and policies and procedures.
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HOME SALES AND RENTALS
SHS is engaged in the marketing, selling and leasing of new and pre-owned homes to current and future residents in our communities. Because tenants often purchase a home already on-site within a community, such services enhance occupancy and property performance. Additionally, because many of the homes on the Properties are sold through SHS, better control of home quality in our communities can be maintained than if sales services were conducted solely through third-party brokers.
SHS also leases homes to prospective tenants. At December 31, 2019, SHS had 11,325 occupied leased homes in its portfolio. New and pre-owned homes are purchased for the Rental Program. Leases associated with the Rental Program generally have a term of one year. The Rental Program requires intensive management of costs associated with repair and refurbishment of these homes as the tenants vacate and the homes are re-leased, similar to apartment rentals. We received approximately 46,400 applications during 2019 to live in our Properties, providing a significant “resident boarding” system that allows us to market the purchase of a home to the qualified applicants. Through the Rental Program we are able to demonstrate our product and lifestyle to the renters, while monitoring their payment history and converting qualified renters to owners.
Our home sales and leasing operations compete with other local and national MH dealers and MH community owners.
REGULATIONS AND INSURANCE
General
MH and RV community properties are subject to various laws, ordinances and regulations, including regulations relating to recreational facilities such as swimming pools, clubhouses, and other common areas. Each Property has the necessary operating permits and approvals.
Insurance
Our management believes that the Properties are covered by adequate fire, property, business interruption, general liability, and (where appropriate) flood and earthquake insurance provided by reputable companies with commercially reasonable deductibles and limits. We maintain a blanket policy that covers all of our Properties. We have obtained title insurance insuring fee title to the Properties in an aggregate amount which we believe to be adequate. Claims made to our insurance carriers that are determined to be recoverable are classified in other receivables as incurred.
SITE LEASES OR USAGE RIGHTS
Typical tenant leases for MH sites are year-to-year or month-to-month, renewable upon the consent of both parties, or, in some instances, as provided by statute. Certain of our leases, mainly at our Florida and California properties, are tied to the consumer price index or other indices as they relate to rent increases. Generally, market rate adjustments are made on an annual basis. These leases are cancelable for non-payment of rent, violation of community rules and regulations or other specified defaults.
During the five calendar years ended December 31, 2019, on average 2.2 percent of the homes in our communities have been removed by their owners and 6.5 percent of the homes have been sold by their owners to a new owner who then assumes rental obligations as a community resident. The average cost to move a home is approximately $7,000. On average, our residents remain in our communities for approximately 12 years, while homes, which give rise to the rental stream, remain for over 40 years.
Please see the Risk Factors in Item 1A, and our accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes thereto beginning on page F-1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more detailed information.
ACQUISITIONS
For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company acquired 47 communities, totaling over 10,000 developed sites and over 900 sites available for expansion, for a total purchase price of approximately $815.2 million.
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EXPANSION / DEVELOPMENT
For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed the construction of approximately 1,230 expansion sites in 16 existing communities.
For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed the construction of approximately 1,100 sites at four ground-up developments and one redevelopment community.
INFORMATION ABOUT OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The persons listed below are our executive officers.
Name | Age | Title | ||
Gary A. Shiffman | 65 | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | ||
John B. McLaren | 49 | President and Chief Operating Officer | ||
Karen J. Dearing | 55 | Executive Vice President, Treasurer, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary | ||
Jonathan M. Colman | 64 | Executive Vice President | ||
Gary A. Shiffman is our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and has been a director and an executive officer since our inception in 1993. He is a member of our Executive Committee. He has been actively involved in the management, acquisition, construction and development of manufactured housing communities and has developed an extensive network of industry relationships over the past thirty years. He has overseen the acquisition, rezoning, development, expansion and marketing of numerous manufactured home communities, as well as recreational vehicle communities. Additionally, Mr. Shiffman, through his family-related interests, has had significant direct holdings in various real estate asset classes, which include office, multi-family, industrial, residential and retail.
John B. McLaren has been in the manufactured housing industry since 1995. He has served as our President since 2014 and as our Chief Operating Officer since 2008. From 2008 to 2014, he served as an Executive Vice President of the Company. From 2005 to 2008, he was Senior Vice President of SHS with overall responsibility for home sales and leasing. Mr. McLaren spent approximately three years as Vice President of Leasing & Service for SHS with responsibility for developing and leading our Rental Program and also has experience in the multi-family REIT segment and the chattel lending industry.
Karen J. Dearing has served as our Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President since 2008. She joined us in 1998 as the Director of Finance where she worked extensively with accounting and finance matters related to our ground-up developments and expansions. Ms. Dearing became our Corporate Controller in 2002 and Senior Vice President in 2006. She is responsible for the overall management of our information technology, accounting, tax and finance departments, and all internal and external financial reporting. Prior to working for us, Ms. Dearing had over seven years of experience as the Financial Controller of a privately-owned automotive supplier and over four years of experience as a certified public accountant with Deloitte.
Jonathan M. Colman has served as an Executive Vice President since March 2003. He joined us in 1994 as Vice President-Acquisitions and became a Senior Vice President in 1995. A certified public accountant, Mr. Colman has over thirty-five years of experience in the manufactured housing community industry. Prior to joining Sun, he was involved in the acquisition, financing and management of over 75 manufactured housing communities for two of the 10 largest manufactured housing community owners, including Uniprop, Inc. during its syndication of over $90.0 million in public limited partnerships in the late 1980s. Mr. Colman is also a Vice President of all of our corporate subsidiaries.
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains various “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and we intend that such forward-looking statements will be subject to the safe harbors created thereby. For this purpose, any statements contained in this filing that relate to expectations, beliefs, projections, future plans and strategies, trends or prospective events or developments and similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts are deemed to be forward-looking statements. Words such as “forecasts,” “intends,” “intend,” “intended,” “goal,” “estimate,” “estimates,” “expects,” “expect,” “expected,” “project,” “projected,” “projections,” “plans,” “predicts,” “potential,” “seeks,” “anticipates,” “anticipated,” “should,” “could,” “may,” “will,” “designed to,” “foreseeable future,” “believe,” “believes,” “scheduled,” “guidance” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. These forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and financial performance, but involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, both general and specific to the matters discussed in this filing. These risks and uncertainties may cause our actual results to be materially different from any future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. In addition to the risks disclosed under “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other filings with the SEC, such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to:
• | changes in general economic conditions, the real estate industry, and the markets in which we operate; |
• | difficulties in our ability to evaluate, finance, complete and integrate acquisitions, developments and expansions successfully; |
• | our liquidity and refinancing demands; |
• | our ability to obtain or refinance maturing debt; |
• | our ability to maintain compliance with covenants contained in our debt facilities; |
• | availability of capital; |
• | changes in foreign currency exchange rates, including between the U.S. dollar and each of the Canadian dollar and the Australian dollar; |
• | our ability to maintain rental rates and occupancy levels; |
• | our failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures; |
• | increases in interest rates and operating costs, including insurance premiums and real property taxes; |
• | risks related to natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes, floods and wildfires; |
• | general volatility of the capital markets and the market price of shares of our capital stock; |
• | our failure to maintain our status as a REIT; |
• | changes in real estate and zoning laws and regulations; |
• | legislative or regulatory changes, including changes to laws governing the taxation of REITs; |
• | litigation, judgments or settlements; |
• | competitive market forces; |
• | the ability of manufactured home buyers to obtain financing; and |
• | the level of repossessions by manufactured home lenders. |
Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date the statement was made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements included or incorporated by reference into this filing, whether as a result of new information, future events, changes in our expectations or otherwise, except as required by law.
Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. All written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Our prospects are subject to certain uncertainties and risks. Our future results could differ materially from current results, and our actual results could differ materially from those projected in forward-looking statements as a result of certain risk factors. These risk factors include, but are not limited to, those set forth below, other one-time events, and important factors disclosed previously and from time to time in our other filings with the SEC.
REAL ESTATE AND OPERATIONS RISKS
General economic conditions and the concentration of our properties in Florida, Michigan, Texas, and California may affect our ability to generate sufficient revenue.
The market and economic conditions in our current markets generally, and specifically in metropolitan areas of our current markets, may significantly affect manufactured home occupancy or rental rates. Occupancy and rental rates, in turn, may significantly affect our revenues, and if our communities do not generate revenues sufficient to meet our operating expenses, including debt service and capital expenditures, our cash flow and ability to pay or refinance our debt obligations could be adversely affected. We derive significant amounts of our rental income from properties located in Florida, Michigan, Texas, and California.
As of December 31, 2019, 125 properties, representing approximately 31.6 percent of developed sites, are located in Florida; 72 properties, representing approximately 20.2 percent of developed sites, are located in Michigan; 23 properties, representing approximately 6.5 percent of developed sites, are located in Texas; and 31 properties, representing approximately 5.6 percent of developed sites, are located in California. As a result of the geographic concentration of our Properties in Florida, Michigan, Texas and California, we are exposed to the risks of downturns in local economies or other local real estate market conditions which could adversely affect occupancy rates, rental rates, and property values in these markets.
Our revenue would also be adversely affected if tenants were unable to pay rent or if sites were unable to be rented on favorable terms. If we were unable to promptly relet or renew the leases for a significant number of the sites, or if the rental rates upon such renewal or reletting were significantly lower than expected rates, then our business and results of operations could be adversely affected. In addition, certain expenditures associated with each Property (such as real estate taxes and maintenance costs) generally are not reduced when circumstances cause a reduction in income from the Property. Furthermore, real estate investments are relatively illiquid and, therefore, will tend to limit our ability to vary our portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions.
The following factors, among others, may adversely affect the revenues generated by our communities:
• | the national and local economic climate which may be adversely impacted by, among other factors, plant closings, and industry slowdowns; |
• | local real estate market conditions such as the oversupply of MH and RV sites or a reduction in demand for MH and RV sites in an area; |
• | changes in foreign currency exchange rates, including between the U.S. dollar and each of the Canadian dollar and Australian dollar; |
• | the number of repossessed homes in a particular market; |
• | the lack of an established dealer network; |
• | the rental market which may limit the extent to which rents may be increased to meet increased expenses without decreasing occupancy rates; |
• | the perceptions by prospective tenants of the safety, convenience and attractiveness of our Properties and the neighborhoods where they are located; |
• | zoning or other regulatory restrictions; |
• | competition from other available MH and RV communities and alternative forms of housing (such as apartment buildings and site-built single-family homes); |
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• | our ability to effectively manage, maintain and insure our Properties; |
• | increased operating costs, including insurance premiums, real estate taxes, and utilities; and |
• | the enactment of rent control laws or laws taxing the owners of manufactured homes. |
Competition affects occupancy levels and rents which could adversely affect our revenues.
Our Properties are located in developed areas that include other MH and RV communities. The number of competitive MH and RV communities in a particular area could have a material adverse effect on our ability to lease sites and increase rents charged at our Properties or at any newly acquired properties. We may be competing with others with greater resources and whose officers and directors have more experience than our officers and directors. In addition, other forms of multi‑family residential properties, such as private and federally funded or assisted multi-family housing projects and single‑family housing, provide housing alternatives to potential tenants of MH and RV communities.
Our ability to sell or lease manufactured homes may be affected by various factors, which may in turn adversely affect our profitability.
SHS operates in the manufactured home market offering manufactured home sales and leasing services to tenants and prospective tenants of our communities. The market for the sale and lease of manufactured homes may be adversely affected by the following factors:
• | downturns in economic conditions which adversely impact the housing market; |
• | an oversupply of, or a reduced demand for, manufactured homes; |
• | the difficulty facing potential purchasers in obtaining affordable financing as a result of heightened lending criteria; and |
• | an increase or decrease in the rate of manufactured home repossessions which provide aggressively priced competition to new manufactured home sales. |
Any of the above listed factors could adversely impact our rate of manufactured home sales and leases, which would result in a decrease in profitability.
The cyclical and seasonal nature of the RV industries may lead to fluctuations in our operating results.
The RV markets can experience cycles of growth and downturn due to seasonality patterns. In the RV market, certain Properties maintain higher occupancy during the summer months, while other Properties maintain higher occupancy during the winter months. The RV market typically shows a decline in demand over the winter months, yet usually produces higher growth in the spring and summer months due to higher use by vacationers. Our results on a quarterly basis can fluctuate due to this cyclicality and seasonality.
We may not be able to integrate or finance our acquisitions and our acquisitions may not perform as expected.
We have acquired and intend to continue to selectively acquire MH and RV properties. Our acquisition activities and their success are subject to the following risks:
• | we may be unable to acquire a desired property because of competition from other well-capitalized real estate investors, including both publicly traded REITs and institutional investment funds; |
• | even if we enter into an acquisition agreement for a property, it is usually subject to customary conditions to closing, including completion of due diligence investigations to our satisfaction, which may not be satisfied; |
• | even if we are able to acquire a desired property, competition from other real estate investors may significantly increase the purchase price; |
• | we may be unable to finance acquisitions on favorable terms; |
• | acquired properties may fail to perform as expected; |
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• | acquired properties may be located in new markets where we face risks associated with a lack of market knowledge or understanding of the local economy, lack of business relationships in the area, and unfamiliarity with local governmental and permitting procedures; and |
• | we may be unable to quickly and efficiently integrate new acquisitions, particularly acquisitions of portfolios of properties, into our existing operations. |
If any of the above risks occur, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.
In addition, we may acquire properties subject to liabilities and we may be left with no, or limited, recourse, with respect to unknown liabilities. As a result, we may have to pay substantial sums to settle any liabilities asserted against us based upon ownership of newly acquired properties, which could adversely affect our cash flow.
Increases in taxes and regulatory compliance costs may reduce our results of operations.
Costs resulting from changes in real estate laws, income taxes, service or other taxes, generally are not passed through to tenants under leases and may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Similarly, changes in laws increasing the potential liability for environmental conditions existing on Properties or increasing the restrictions on discharges or other conditions may result in significant unanticipated expenditures, which would adversely affect our business and results of operations.
We may not be able to integrate or finance our expansion and development activities.
We engage in the construction and development of new communities or expansion of existing communities and intend to continue to engage in the development and construction business in the future. Our construction and development pipeline may be exposed to the following risks which are in addition to those risks associated with the ownership and operation of established MH and RV communities:
• | we may not be able to obtain financing with favorable terms for community development which may make us unable to proceed with the development; |
• | we may be unable to obtain, or face delays in obtaining, necessary zoning, building and other governmental permits and authorizations, which could result in increased costs and delays, and even require us to abandon development of the community entirely if we are unable to obtain such permits or authorizations; |
• | we may abandon development opportunities that we have already begun to explore and as a result we may not recover expenses already incurred in connection with exploring such development opportunities; |
• | we may be unable to complete construction and lease‑up of a community on schedule resulting in increased debt service expense and construction costs; |
• | we may incur construction and development costs for a community which exceed our original estimates due to increased materials, labor or other costs, which could make completion of the community uneconomical and we may not be able to increase rents to compensate for the increase in development costs which may impact our profitability; |
• | we may be unable to secure long‑term financing on completion of development resulting in increased debt service and lower profitability; and |
• | occupancy rates and rents at a newly developed community may fluctuate depending on several factors, including market and economic conditions, which may result in the community not being profitable. |
If any of the above risks occur, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Rent control legislation may harm our ability to increase rents.
State and local rent control laws in certain jurisdictions may limit our ability to increase rents to recover increases in operating expenses and the costs of capital improvements. Enactment of such laws has been considered from time to time in other jurisdictions. Certain Properties are located, and we may purchase additional properties, in markets that are either subject to rent control or in which rent-limiting legislation exists or may be enacted.
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Legislative requirements can limit accessibility of affordable financing for potential manufactured home buyers.
Legislation impacting third party loan originators, consumer protection laws and lender requirements to investigate a borrower's creditworthiness may restrict access to affordable financing to potential manufactured home buyers.
We may be subject to environmental liability.
Under various federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations, an owner or operator of real estate is liable for the costs of removal or remediation of certain hazardous substances at, on, under or in such property. Such laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such hazardous substances. The presence of such substances, or the failure to properly remediate such substances, may adversely affect the owner’s ability to sell or rent the property, to borrow using the property as collateral or to develop the property. Persons who arrange for the disposal or treatment of hazardous substances also may be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of such substances at a disposal or treatment facility owned or operated by another person. In addition, certain environmental laws impose liability for the management and disposal of asbestos‑containing materials and for the release of such materials into the air. These laws may permit third parties to seek recovery from owners or operators of real properties for personal injury associated with asbestos‑containing materials. In connection with the ownership, operation, management, and development of real properties, we may be considered an owner or operator of such properties and, therefore, are potentially liable for removal or remediation costs, and also may be liable for governmental fines and injuries to persons and property. When we arrange for the treatment or disposal of hazardous substances at landfills or other facilities owned by other persons, we may be liable for the removal or remediation costs at such facilities.
We subject our Properties to a Phase I or similar environmental audit (which involves general inspections without soil sampling or ground water analysis) completed by independent environmental consultants. These environmental audits have not revealed any significant environmental liability that would have a material adverse effect on our business. These audits cannot reflect conditions arising after the studies were completed, and no assurances can be given that existing environmental studies reveal all environmental liabilities, that any prior owner or operator of a property or neighboring owner or operator did not create any material environmental condition not known to us, or that a material environmental condition does not otherwise exist as to any one or more Properties.
Cybersecurity breaches and other disruptions could compromise our information and expose us to liability, which would cause our business and reputation to suffer.
We rely intensively on information technology to account for tenant transactions, manage the privacy of tenant data, communicate internally and externally, and analyze our financial and operating results. In the ordinary course of our business, we collect and store sensitive data, including our proprietary business information and that of our tenants, clients, vendors and employees in our facilities and on our network. In addition, we engage third party service providers that may have access to such information in connection with providing necessary information technology and security and other business services to us. This information may include personally identifiable information such as social security numbers, banking information and credit card information.
We address potential breaches or disclosure of this confidential information by implementing a variety of security measures intended to protect the confidentiality and security of this information including (among others) engaging reputable, recognized firms to help us design and maintain our information technology and data security systems, including testing and verification of their proper and secure operations on a periodic basis. We also maintain cyber risk insurance to provide some coverage for certain risks arising out of data and network breaches.
Despite our security measures, our information technology and infrastructure, as well as that of our third-party vendors, may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers (including through malware, ransomware, computer viruses, and email phishing schemes) or breached due to employee error, malfeasance, fire, flood or other physical event, or other disruptions. Any such breach or disruption could compromise our or a third-party vendor’s network and the information stored there could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. Any such access, disclosure or other loss of information could:
• | result in legal claims or proceedings, |
• | disrupt our operations, including our ability to service our tenants and our ability to analyze and report our financial and operating results, |
• | decrease our revenues, |
• | damage our reputation, |
• | cause a loss of confidence, |
• | increase our insurance premiums, or |
• | have other material adverse effects on our business. |
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We are dependent on continuous access to the internet to use our cloud-based applications. Damage to, or failure of our information technology systems, including as a result of any of the reasons described above, could adversely affect our results of operations as we may incur significant costs or data loss. We continually assess new and enhanced information technology solutions to manage the risk of system failure or interruption.
Expanding social media platforms present new challenges.
Social media outlets continue to grow and expand, which presents us with new risks. Adverse content about us and our Properties on social media platforms could result in damage to our reputation or brand. Improper posts by employees or others could result in disclosure of confidential or proprietary information regarding our operations.
Losses in excess of our insurance coverage or uninsured losses could adversely affect our operating results and cash flow.
We have a significant concentration of properties in Florida and California, where natural disasters or other catastrophic events such as hurricanes, earthquakes, floods and wildfires could negatively impact our operating results and cash flows. We maintain comprehensive liability, fire, property, business interruption, general liability, and (where appropriate) flood and earthquake insurance, provided by reputable companies with commercially reasonable deductibles and limits. We believe the policy specifications and insured limits are appropriate and adequate given the relative risk of loss, the cost of the coverage and industry practice. However, certain types of losses including, but not limited to, riots or acts of war, may be either uninsurable or not economically insurable. In the event an uninsured loss occurs, we could lose both our investment in and anticipated profits and cash flow from the affected property. We would also continue to be obligated to repay any mortgage indebtedness or other obligations related to the community. If an uninsured liability to a third party were to occur, we would incur the cost of defense and settlement with, or court ordered damages to, that third party. A significant uninsured property or liability loss could have a material adverse effect on our business and our financial condition and results of operations.
Investments through joint ventures involve risks not present for Properties in which we are the sole owner.
We have invested and may continue to invest as a joint venture partner in joint ventures. These investments involve risks, including, but not limited to, the possibility the other joint venture partner may have business goals which are inconsistent with ours, possess the ability to take or force action or withhold consent contrary to our requests, fail to provide capital or fulfill its obligations, or become insolvent and require us to assume and fulfill the joint venture’s financial obligations. Conflicts arising between us and our joint venture partners may be difficult to manage or resolve and it could be difficult to manage or otherwise monitor the existing business arrangements. We and our joint venture partners may each have the right to initiate a buy-sell arrangement, which could cause us to sell our interest, or acquire a joint venture partner’s interest, at a time when we otherwise would not have entered into such a transaction. Each joint venture agreement is individually negotiated, and our ability to operate, finance, or dispose of a Property in our sole discretion may be limited to varying degrees depending on the terms of the applicable joint venture agreement.
Climate change may adversely affect our business.
To the extent that significant changes in the climate occur in areas where our Properties are located, we may experience extreme weather and changes in precipitation and temperature, all of which may result in physical damage to or a decrease in demand for properties located in these areas or affected by these conditions. Should the impact of climate change be material in nature, including significant property damage to or destruction of our Properties, or occur for lengthy periods of time, our financial condition or results of operations may be adversely affected. In addition, changes in federal, state and local legislation and regulation based on concerns about climate change could result in increased capital expenditures on our Properties (for example, to improve their energy efficiency and/or resistance to inclement weather) without a corresponding increase in revenue, resulting in adverse impacts to our net income.
FINANCING AND INVESTMENT RISKS
Our significant amount of debt could limit our operational flexibility or otherwise adversely affect our financial condition.
We have a significant amount of debt. As of December 31, 2019, we had approximately $3.4 billion of total debt outstanding, consisting of approximately $3.2 billion in debt that is collateralized by mortgage liens on 188 of the Properties, $183.9 million on our lines of credit, $35.2 million of mandatorily redeemable interest, and $34.7 million that is preferred OP units - mandatorily redeemable. If we fail to meet our obligations under our secured debt, the lenders would be entitled to foreclose on all or some of the collateral securing such debt which could have a material adverse effect on us and our ability to make expected distributions, and could threaten our continued viability.
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We are subject to the risks normally associated with debt financing, including the following risks:
• | our cash flow may be insufficient to meet required debt payments, or we may need to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow to pay our debt rather than to other areas of our business; |
• | our existing indebtedness may limit our operating flexibility due to financial and other restrictive covenants, including restrictions on incurring additional debt; |
• | it may be more difficult for us to obtain additional financing for our operations, working capital requirements, capital expenditures, debt service or other general requirements; |
• | we may be more vulnerable in the event of adverse economic and industry conditions or a downturn in our business; |
• | we may be placed at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt; and |
• | we may not be able to refinance at all or on favorable terms, as our debt matures. |
If any of the above risks occurred, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
We may incur substantially more debt, which would increase the risks associated with our substantial leverage.
Despite our current indebtedness levels, we may incur substantially more debt in the future. If new debt is added to our current debt levels, an even greater portion of our cash flow will be needed to satisfy our debt service obligations. As a result, the related risks that we now face could intensify and increase the risk of a default on our indebtedness.
The phase out of the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), or the replacement of LIBOR with a different reference rate, may adversely affect interest rates.
On July 27, 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority (the authority that regulates LIBOR) announced that it would phase out LIBOR by the end of 2021. Many of our Property-level real estate loans have fixed interest rates which will not be impacted by any change in LIBOR. Certain of our other loans, including a majority of the borrowings under our $750.0 million senior credit facility, have interest rates based on LIBOR. Our senior credit facility provides that we and the administrative agent for the lenders will negotiate an interest rate to replace the current LIBOR-based rate, and if the parties do not negotiate a replacement interest rate, the new rate will be based on the prime rate. The replacement of LIBOR with an alternative rate or benchmark may adversely affect our interest rates and result in higher borrowing costs. This could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, cash flows and liquidity.
TAX RISKS
We may suffer adverse tax consequences and be unable to attract capital if we fail to qualify as a REIT.
We believe that since our taxable year ended December 31, 1994, we have been organized and operated, and intend to continue to operate, so as to qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code. Although we believe that we have been and will continue to be organized and have operated and will continue to operate so as to qualify for taxation as a REIT, we cannot be assured that we have been or will continue to qualify as a REIT. Qualification as a REIT involves the satisfaction of numerous requirements (some on an annual and quarterly basis) established under highly technical and complex Code provisions for which there are only limited judicial or administrative interpretations and involves the determination of various factual matters and circumstances not entirely within our control. In addition, frequent changes occur in the area of REIT taxation, which require us to continually monitor our tax status.
If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, our taxable income could be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates. Moreover, unless entitled to relief under certain statutory provisions, we also would be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost. This treatment would reduce our net earnings available for investment or distribution to stockholders because of the additional tax liability to us for the years involved. In addition, distributions to stockholders would no longer be required to be made.
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Federal, state and foreign income tax laws governing REITs and related interpretations may change at any time, and any such legislative or other actions affecting REITs could have a negative effect on us.
Federal, state and foreign income tax laws governing REITs, or the administrative interpretations of those laws may be amended at any time. Federal, state, and foreign tax laws are under constant review by persons involved in the legislative process, at the Internal Revenue Service and the U.S. Department of the Treasury, and at various state and foreign tax authorities. Changes to tax laws, regulations, or administrative interpretations, which may be applied retroactively, could adversely affect us. We cannot predict whether, when, in what forms, or with what effective dates, the tax laws, regulations, and administrative interpretations applicable to us may be changed. Accordingly, we cannot assert that any such change will not significantly affect either our ability to qualify for taxation as a REIT or the income tax consequences to us.
The Tax Cut and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) was enacted into law in December 2017. The overall impact of the Tax Act is uncertain. In addition, there are a significant number of technical issues clarified with respect to the interpretation and application of the Tax Act which may or may not be clarified by future guidance. It is not possible to predict whether such clarifications will result in adverse consequences to the Company or its stockholders. Stockholders are urged to consult their tax advisors with respect to the effects of the Tax Act and any other potential amendments to relevant tax laws.
We intend for the Operating Partnership to be taxed as a partnership, but we cannot guarantee that it will qualify.
We believe that the Operating Partnership has been organized as a partnership and will qualify for treatment as such under the Code. However, if the Operating Partnership is deemed to be a “publicly traded partnership,” it will be treated as a corporation instead of a partnership for federal income tax purposes unless at least 90 percent of its income is qualifying income as defined in the Code. The income requirements applicable to REITs and the definition of “qualifying income” for purposes of this 90 percent test are similar in most respects. Qualifying income for the 90 percent test generally includes passive income, such as specified types of real property rents, dividends, and interest. We believe that the Operating Partnership has and will continue to meet this 90 percent test, but we cannot guarantee that it has or will. If the Operating Partnership were to be taxed as a regular corporation, it would incur substantial tax liabilities, we would fail to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, and our ability to raise additional capital could be significantly impaired.
Partnership tax audit rules could have a material adverse effect on us.
The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 changed the rules applicable to U.S. federal income tax audits of partnerships. Under the rules, effective for taxable years beginning in 2018, among other changes and subject to certain exceptions, any audit adjustment to items of income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit of a partnership (and a partner’s allocable share thereof) is determined, and taxes, interest, and penalties attributable thereto are assessed and collected, at the partnership level. Unless the partnership makes an election permitted under the new law or takes certain steps to require the partners to pay their tax on their allocable shares of the adjustment, it is possible that partnerships in which we directly or indirectly invest, including the Operating Partnership, would be required to pay additional taxes, interest and penalties as a result of an audit adjustment. We, as a direct or indirect partner of the Operating Partnership and other partnerships, could be required to bear the economic burden of those taxes, interest, and penalties even though the Company, as a REIT, may not otherwise have been required to pay additional corporate-level tax. The changes created by these rules are significant for collecting tax in partnership audits and, accordingly, there can be no assurance that these rules will not have a material adverse effect on us.
Our ability to accumulate cash may be restricted due to certain REIT distribution requirements.
In order to qualify as a REIT, we must distribute to our stockholders at least 90 percent of our REIT taxable income (calculated without any deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain) and to avoid federal income taxation, our distributions must not be less than 100 percent of our REIT taxable income, including capital gains. As a result of the distribution requirements, we do not expect to accumulate significant amounts of cash. Accordingly, these distributions could significantly reduce the cash available to us in subsequent periods to fund our operations and future growth.
Our taxable REIT subsidiaries, or TRSs, are subject to special rules that may result in increased taxes.
As a REIT, we must pay a 100 percent penalty tax on certain payments that we receive if the economic arrangements between us and any of our TRSs are not comparable to similar arrangements between unrelated parties. The Internal Revenue Service may successfully assert that the economic arrangements of any of our inter-company transactions are not comparable to similar arrangements between unrelated parties. This would result in unexpected tax liability which would adversely affect our cash flows.
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Dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates applicable to certain dividends.
The maximum federal tax rate for certain qualified dividends payable to domestic stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates is 20 percent. Dividends payable by REITs, however, are generally not eligible for this reduced rate, although the new Tax Act permits a 20 percent deduction equal to the amount of qualifying REIT dividends received, thus bringing the maximum federal tax rate on qualifying REIT dividends to 29.6 percent. While this rule does not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or dividends paid by REITs, the more favorable rates applicable to regular qualified corporate dividends could cause investors who are individuals, trusts and estates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less competitive than investments in stock of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the comparative value of the stock of REITs, including our common stock and preferred stock.
Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding the effect of this change on their effective tax rate with respect to REIT dividends.
Complying with REIT requirements may cause us to forego otherwise attractive opportunities.
To remain qualified as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we must continually satisfy requirements and tests under the tax law concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the nature and diversification of our assets, the amounts we distribute to our stockholders and the ownership of our stock. In order to meet these tests, we may be required to forego or limit attractive business or investment opportunities and distribute all of our net earnings rather than invest in attractive opportunities or hold larger liquid reserves. Therefore, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to operate solely to maximize profits.
Our ability to use net operating loss carryforwards to reduce future tax payments may be limited if we experience a change in ownership, or if taxable income does not reach sufficient levels.
Under Section 382 of the Code, if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change” (generally defined as a greater than 50 percent change (by value) in its equity ownership over a rolling three-year period), the corporation’s ability to use its pre-ownership-change net operating loss carryforwards to offset its post-ownership-change income may be limited. We may experience ownership changes in the future. If an ownership change were to occur, we would be limited in the portion of net operating loss carryforwards that we could use in the future to offset taxable income for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
BUSINESS RISKS
Some of our directors and officers may have conflicts of interest with respect to certain related party transactions and other business interests.
Lease of Executive Offices. Gary A. Shiffman, together with certain of his family members, indirectly owns an equity interest of approximately 28.1 percent in American Center LLC, the entity from which we lease office space for our principal executive offices. Each of Brian M. Hermelin, Ronald A. Klein and Arthur A. Weiss indirectly owns a less than one percent interest in American Center LLC. Mr. Shiffman is our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board. Each of Mr. Hermelin, Mr. Klein and Mr. Weiss is a director of the Company. Under this agreement, we lease approximately 103,100 rentable square feet of permanent space. The initial term of the lease is until October 31, 2026, and the average gross base rent is $18.95 per square foot until October 31, 2020 with graduated rental increases thereafter. Each of Mr. Shiffman, Mr. Hermelin, Mr. Klein and Mr. Weiss may have a conflict of interest with respect to his obligations as our officer and/or director and his ownership interest in American Center LLC.
Legal Counsel. During 2017-2019, Jaffe, Raitt, Heuer, & Weiss, Professional Corporation acted as our general counsel and represented us in various matters. Arthur A. Weiss is the Chairman of the Board of Directors and a shareholder of such firm. We incurred legal fees and expenses owed to Jaffe, Raitt, Heuer, & Weiss of approximately $11.1 million, $7.1 million and $5 million in the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Use of Airplane. Gary A. Shiffman is the beneficial owner of an airplane that we use from time to time for business purposes. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we paid $0.4 million for the use of the airplane. Mr. Shiffman may have a conflict of interest with respect to his obligations as our officer and director and his ownership interest in the airplane.
Telephone Services. Brian M. Hermelin is a principal and a beneficial owner of an entity that installs and maintains emergency telephone systems at our Properties. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we paid $0.2 million for these services. Mr. Hermelin may have a conflict of interest with respect to his obligations as our director and his position with and ownership interest in the provider of these services.
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Tax Consequences Upon Sale of Properties. Gary A. Shiffman holds limited partnership interests in the Operating Partnership which were received in connection with the contribution of properties from partnerships previously affiliated with him. Prior to any redemption of these limited partnership interests for our common stock, Mr. Shiffman will have tax consequences different than our public stockholders upon the sale of any of these partnerships. Therefore, we and Mr. Shiffman may have different objectives regarding the appropriate pricing and timing of any sale of those properties.
We rely on key management.
We are dependent on the efforts of our executive officers, Gary A. Shiffman, John B. McLaren, Karen J. Dearing, and Jonathan M. Colman. The loss of services of one or more of these executive officers could have a temporary adverse effect on our operations. We do not currently maintain or contemplate obtaining any “key-man” life insurance on the Executive Officers.
Certain provisions in our governing documents may make it difficult for a third-party to acquire us.
9.8 percent Ownership Limit. In order to qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT, not more than 50 percent of the outstanding shares of our capital stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals. Thus, ownership of more than 9.8 percent, in number of shares or value, of the issued and outstanding shares of our capital stock by any single stockholder has been restricted, with certain exceptions, for the purpose of maintaining our qualification as a REIT under the Code. Such restrictions in our charter do not apply to Milton M. Shiffman, Gary A. Shiffman, and Robert B. Bayer; trustees, personal representatives and agents to the extent acting for them or their respective estates; or certain of their respective relatives.
The 9.8 percent ownership limit, as well as our ability to issue additional shares of common stock or shares of other stock (which may have rights and preferences over the common stock), may discourage a change of control of the Company and may also: (a) deter tender offers for the common stock, which offers may be advantageous to stockholders; and (b) limit the opportunity for stockholders to receive a premium for their common stock that might otherwise exist if an investor were attempting to assemble a block of common stock in excess of 9.8 percent of our outstanding shares or otherwise effect a change of control of the Company.
Preferred Stock. Our charter authorizes the Board of Directors to issue up to 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock, none of which is currently outstanding, and to establish the preferences and rights (including the right to vote and the right to convert into shares of common stock) of any shares issued. The power to issue preferred stock could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of the Company even if a change in control were in the stockholders’ interest.
Certain provisions of Maryland law could inhibit changes in control, which may discourage third parties from conducting a tender offer or seeking other change of control transactions that could involve a premium price for our common stock or that our stockholders otherwise believe to be in their best interest.
Certain provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law (“MGCL”) may have the effect of inhibiting a third-party from making a proposal to acquire us or of impeding a change of control under circumstances that otherwise could provide the holders of shares of our capital stock with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price of such shares, including:
• | “business combination” provisions that, subject to limitations, prohibit certain business combinations between us and an “interested stockholder” (defined generally as any person who beneficially owns 10 percent or more of the voting power of our shares or an affiliate thereof or an affiliate or associate of ours who was the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of 10 percent or more of the voting power of our then outstanding voting stock at any time within the two-year period immediately prior to the date in question) for five years after the most recent date on which the stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, and thereafter impose fair price and/or supermajority and stockholder voting requirements on these combinations; and |
• | “control share” provisions that provide that “control shares” of our company (defined as shares that, when aggregated with other shares controlled by the stockholder, entitle the stockholder to exercise one of three increasing ranges of voting power in electing directors) acquired in a “control share acquisition” (defined as the direct or indirect acquisition of ownership or control of issued and outstanding “control shares”) have no voting rights except to the extent approved by our stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding all interested shares. |
The provisions of the MGCL relating to business combinations do not apply, however, to business combinations that are approved or exempted by our Board of Directors prior to the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. As permitted by the statute, our Board of Directors has by resolution exempted Milton M. Shiffman, Robert B. Bayer, and Gary A. Shiffman, their affiliates and all persons acting in concert or as a group with the foregoing, from the business combination provisions of the MGCL and, consequently, the five-year prohibition and the supermajority vote requirements will not apply to business combinations between us and these persons.
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As a result, these persons may be able to enter into business combinations with us that may not be in the best interests of our stockholders without compliance by our company with the supermajority vote requirements and the other provisions of the statute.
Also, pursuant to a provision in our bylaws, we have exempted any acquisition of our stock from the control share provisions of the MGCL. However, our Board of Directors may by amendment to our bylaws opt into the control share provisions of the MGCL at any time in the future.
Additionally, Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL permits our Board of Directors, without stockholder approval and regardless of what is currently provided in our charter or bylaws, to elect to be subject to certain provisions relating to corporate governance that may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change of control of our company that might involve a premium to the market price of our common stock or otherwise be in our stockholders’ best interests. These provisions include a classified board; two-thirds vote to remove a director; that the number of directors may only be fixed by the Board of Directors; that vacancies on the board as a result of an increase in the size of the board or due to death, resignation or removal can only be filled by the board, and the director appointed to fill the vacancy serves for the remainder of the full term of the class of director in which the vacancy occurred; and a majority requirement for the calling by stockholders of special meetings. Other than a classified board, the filling of vacancies as a result of the removal of a director and a majority requirement for the calling by stockholders of special meetings, we are already subject to these provisions, either by provisions of our charter and bylaws unrelated to Subtitle 8 or by reason of an election to be subject to certain provisions of Subtitle 8. In the future, our Board of Directors may elect, without stockholder approval, to make us subject to the provisions of Subtitle 8 to which we are not currently subject.
Our Board of Directors has power to adopt, alter or repeal any provision of our bylaws or make new bylaws, provided, however, that our stockholders may alter or repeal any provision of our bylaws and adopt new bylaws if any such alteration, repeal or adoption is approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of all votes entitled to be cast on the matter.
Changes in our investment and financing policies may be made without stockholder approval.
Our investment and financing policies, and our policies with respect to certain other activities, including our growth, debt, capitalization, distributions, REIT status, and operating policies, are determined by our Board of Directors. Although the Board of Directors has no present intention to do so, these policies may be amended or revised from time to time at the discretion of the Board of Directors without notice to or a vote of our stockholders. Accordingly, stockholders may not have control over changes in our policies and changes in our policies may not fully serve the interests of all stockholders.
Substantial sales or issuances of our common or preferred stock could cause our stock price to fall.
The sale or issuance of substantial amounts of our common stock or preferred stock, whether directly by us or in the secondary market, the perception that such sales could occur or the availability of future issuances of shares of our common stock, preferred stock, OP units or other securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for our common stock or preferred stock, could materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock or preferred stock and our ability to raise capital through future offerings of equity or equity-related securities. In addition, we may issue capital stock that is senior to our common stock in the future for a number of reasons, including to finance our operations and business strategy, to adjust our ratio of debt to equity or for other reasons.
Based on the applicable conversion ratios then in effect, as of February 13, 2020, in the future we may issue to the limited partners of the Operating Partnership, up to approximately 4.4 million shares of our common stock in exchange for their OP units. The limited partners may sell such shares pursuant to registration rights, if available, or an available exemption from registration. As of February 13, 2020, options to purchase 1,500 shares of our common stock were outstanding under our equity incentive plans, and we currently have the authority to issue restricted stock awards or options to purchase up to an additional 1,041,758 shares of our common stock pursuant to our equity incentive plans. In addition, we entered into an At-the-Market Offering Sales Agreement in July 2017 to issue and sell shares of common stock. As of February 13, 2020, our Board of Directors had authorized us to sell an additional $286.3 million of common stock under this agreement. No prediction can be made regarding the effect that future sales of shares of our common stock or our other securities will have on the market price of shares.
An increase in interest rates may have an adverse effect on the price of our common stock.
One of the factors that may influence the price of our common stock in the public market will be the annual distributions to stockholders relative to the prevailing market price of the common stock. An increase in market interest rates may tend to make the common stock less attractive relative to other investments, which could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
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We may be adversely impacted by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
Our current and future investments in and operations of Canadian and Australian properties are or will be exposed to the effects of changes in the Canadian dollar and Australian dollar, respectively, against the U.S. dollar. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates cannot always be predicted; as a result, substantial unfavorable changes in exchange rates could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
The volatility in economic conditions and the financial markets may adversely affect our industry, business and financial performance.
The U.S. interest rate environment, oil price fluctuations, uncertain tax and economic plans in the U.S. executive and legislative branches, and turmoil in emerging markets have created uncertainty and volatility in the U.S. and global economies. Continued economic uncertainty, both nationally and internationally, causes increased volatility in investor confidence thereby creating similar volatility in the availability of both debt and equity capital in the financial markets. The other risk factors presented in this Annual Report on Form 10-K discuss some of the principal risks inherent in our business, including liquidity risks, operational risks, and credit risks, among others. Turbulence in financial markets accentuates each of these risks and magnifies their potential effect on us. If such volatility is experienced in future periods, there could be an adverse impact on our access to capital, stock price and our operating results.
Our business operations may not generate the cash needed to make distributions on our capital stock or to service our indebtedness, and we may adjust our common stock distribution policy.
Our ability to make distributions on our common stock and preferred stock, and payments on our indebtedness and to fund planned capital expenditures will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future. We cannot assure you that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations or that future borrowings will be available to us in an amount sufficient to enable us to make distributions on our common stock or preferred stock, to pay our indebtedness or to fund our other liquidity needs.
The decision to declare and pay distributions on shares of our common stock in the future, as well as the timing, amount and composition of any such future distributions, will be at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors in light of conditions then existing, including our earnings, financial condition, capital requirements, debt maturities, the availability of debt and equity capital, applicable REIT and legal restrictions, general overall economic conditions and other factors. Any change in our distribution policy could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.
Our ability to pay distributions is limited by the requirements of Maryland law.
Our ability to pay distributions on our common stock and preferred stock is limited by the laws of Maryland. Under Maryland law, a Maryland corporation generally may not make a distribution if, after giving effect to the distribution, the corporation would not be able to pay its debts as they become due in the usual course of business, or the corporation’s total assets would be less than the sum of its total liabilities plus, unless the corporation’s charter provides otherwise, the amount that would be needed, if the corporation were dissolved at the time of the distribution, to satisfy the preferential rights upon dissolution of stockholders whose preferential rights are superior to those receiving the distribution, provided, however, that a Maryland corporation may make a distribution from: (a) its net earnings for the fiscal year in which the distribution is made; (b) its net earnings for the preceding fiscal year; or (c) the sum of its net earnings for its preceding eight fiscal quarters even if, after such distribution, the corporation’s total assets would be less than its total liabilities. Accordingly, we generally may not make a distribution on our common stock or preferred stock if, after giving effect to the distribution, we would not be able to pay our debts as they become due in the usual course of business or, unless paid from one of the permitted sources of net earnings as described above, our total assets would be less than the sum of our total liabilities plus, unless the terms of such class or series of stock provide otherwise, the amount that would be needed to satisfy the preferential rights upon dissolution of the holders of shares of any class or series of stock then outstanding, if any, with preferential rights upon dissolution senior to those of our common stock or, if any, currently outstanding preferred stock.
We may not be able to pay distributions upon events of default under our financing documents.
Some of our financing documents contain restrictions on distributions upon the occurrence of events of default thereunder. If such an event of default occurs, such as our failure to pay principal at maturity or interest when due for a specified period of time, we would be prohibited from making payments on our common stock and preferred stock.
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Our share price could be volatile and could decline, resulting in a substantial or complete loss on our stockholders’ investment.
The stock markets, including the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), on which we list our common stock, have experienced significant price and volume fluctuations. As a result, the market price of our common stock and preferred stock could be similarly volatile, and investors in our common stock and preferred stock may experience a decrease in the value of their shares, including decreases unrelated to our operating performance or prospects. The price of our common stock and preferred stock could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a number of factors, including:
• | issuances of other equity securities in the future, including new series or classes of preferred stock; |
• | our operating performance and the performance of other similar companies; |
• | our ability to maintain compliance with covenants contained in our debt facilities; |
• | actual or anticipated variations in our operating results, funds from operations, cash flows or liquidity; |
• | changes in expectations of future financial performance or changes in our earnings estimates or those of analysts; |
• | changes in our distribution policy; |
• | publication of research reports about us or the real estate industry generally; |
• | increases in market interest rates that lead purchasers of our common stock and preferred stock to demand a higher dividend yield; |
• | changes in foreign currency exchange rates, including between the U.S. dollar and each of the Canadian dollar and the Australian dollar; |
• | changes in market valuations of similar companies; |
• | adverse market reaction to the amount of our debt outstanding at any time, the amount of our debt maturing in the near-term and medium-term and our ability to refinance our debt, or our plans to incur additional debt in the future; |
• | additions or departures of key management personnel; |
• | speculation in the press or investment community; |
• | equity issuances by us, or share resales by our stockholders or the perception that such issuances or resales may occur; |
• | actions by institutional stockholders; and |
• | general market and economic conditions. |
Many of the factors listed above are beyond our control. Those factors may cause the market price of our common stock or preferred stock to decline significantly, regardless of our financial condition, results of operations and prospects. It is impossible to provide any assurance that the market price of our common stock or preferred stock will not fall in the future, and it may be difficult for holders to resell shares of our common stock or preferred stock at prices they find attractive, or at all. In the past, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their stock price. This type of litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
As of December 31, 2019, the Properties were located throughout the US and in Ontario, Canada and consisted of 266 MH communities, 122 RV communities, and 34 properties containing both MH and RV sites. As of December 31, 2019, the Properties contained an aggregate of 141,293 developed sites comprised of 93,821 developed manufactured home sites, 26,056 annual RV sites (inclusive of both annual and seasonal usage rights), and 21,416 transient RV sites. There are approximately 10,300 additional MH and RV sites suitable for development. Most of the Properties include amenities oriented toward family and retirement living. Of the 422 Properties, 194 each have more than 300 developed sites, with the largest having 2,341 developed MH and RV sites. See “Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation, Schedule III”, included in our Consolidated Financial Statements, for detail on Properties that are encumbered.
As of December 31, 2019, the Properties had an occupancy rate of 96.4 percent excluding transient RV sites. Since January 1, 2019, the Properties have averaged an aggregate annual turnover of homes (where the home is moved out of the community) of approximately 2.8 percent and an average annual turnover of residents (where the resident-owned home is sold and remains within the community, typically without interruption of rental income) of approximately 7.0 percent. The average renewal rate for residents in our Rental Program was 63.2 percent for the year ended December 31, 2019.
We believe that our Properties’ high amenity levels, customer service loyalty, and customer retention program contribute to low turnover and generally high occupancy rates. All of the Properties provide residents with attractive amenities with most offering a clubhouse, a swimming pool, and laundry facilities. Many of the Properties offer additional amenities such as sauna/whirlpool spas, tennis courts, shuffleboard, basketball courts, and/or exercise rooms. Many RV communities offer incremental amenities including golf, pro shops, restaurants, zip lines, waterparks, watersports, and thematic experiences.
The Properties are principally located in the Midwestern, Southern, Northeastern, Southeastern regions of the U.S., and Ontario, Canada. We believe that geographic diversification helps to insulate the portfolio from regional economic influences. We have concentrated our properties within certain areas of the regions in order to achieve economies of scale in management and operation.
The following tables set forth certain information relating to the Properties as of December 31, 2019. The occupancy percentage includes MH sites and annual RV sites and excludes transient RV sites.
Property | MH/RV | City | State | MH and Annual RV Sites as of 12/31/19 | Transient RV Sites as of 12/31/19 | Occupancy as of 12/31/19 | Occupancy as of 12/31/18 | |||||||
UNITED STATES | ||||||||||||||
MIDWEST | ||||||||||||||
Michigan | ||||||||||||||
Academy / West Point | MH | Canton | MI | 441 | — | 98.2 | % | 97.5 | % | |||||
Allendale Meadows Mobile Village | MH | Allendale | MI | 352 | — | 98.9 | % | 94.9 | % | |||||
Alpine Meadows Mobile Village | MH | Grand Rapids | MI | 403 | — | 98.3 | % | 98.0 | % | |||||
Apple Carr Village | MH | Muskegon | MI | 716 | — | 78.5 | % | (1) | 79.4 | % | (1) | |||
Arbor Woods | MH | Ypsilanti | MI | 458 | — | 99.1 | % | 96.1 | % | |||||
Brentwood Mobile Village | MH | Kentwood | MI | 195 | — | 97.4 | % | 98.5 | % | |||||
Broadview Estates | MH | Davison | MI | 474 | — | 82.3 | % | 77.6 | % | |||||
Brookside Village | MH | Kentwood | MI | 196 | — | 100.0 | % | 99.0 | % | |||||
Byron Center Mobile Village | MH | Kentwood | MI | 143 | — | 97.9 | % | 98.6 | % | |||||
Camelot Villa | MH | Macomb | MI | 712 | — | 99.0 | % | 98.6 | % | |||||
Cider Mill Crossings | MH | Fenton | MI | 621 | — | 74.6 | % | (1) | 67.5 | % | (1) | |||
Cider Mill Village | MH | Middleville | MI | 258 | — | 98.4 | % | 98.4 | % | |||||
Country Acres Mobile Village | MH | Cadillac | MI | 182 | — | 95.1 | % | 99.5 | % | |||||
Country Hills Village | MH | Hudsonville | MI | 239 | — | 99.6 | % | 98.3 | % | |||||
Country Meadows Mobile Village | MH | Flat Rock | MI | 577 | — | 97.7 | % | 96.9 | % | |||||
Country Meadows Village | MH | Caledonia | MI | 395 | — | 99.5 | % | 98.5 | % | |||||
Creekwood Meadows | MH | Burton | MI | 336 | — | 94.0 | % | 97.6 | % | |||||
Cutler Estates Mobile Village | MH | Grand Rapids | MI | 259 | — | 98.8 | % | 98.1 | % | |||||
Dutton Mill Village | MH | Caledonia | MI | 307 | — | 99.7 | % | 99.0 | % | |||||
East Village Estates | MH | Washington Twp. | MI | 708 | — | 98.6 | % | 99.4 | % | |||||
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Property | MH/RV | City | State | MH and Annual RV Sites as of 12/31/19 | Transient RV Sites as of 12/31/19 | Occupancy as of 12/31/19 | Occupancy as of 12/31/18 | |||||||
Egelcraft | MH | Muskegon | MI | 458 | — | 97.4 | % | 96.9 | % | |||||
Fisherman's Cove | MH | Flint Twp. | MI | 162 | — | 97.5 | % | 95.7 | % | |||||
Frenchtown Villa / Elizabeth Woods | MH | Newport | MI | 1,140 | — | 94.6 | % | 88.9 | % | (1) | ||||
Grand Mobile Estates | MH | Grand Rapids | MI | 219 | — | 96.8 | % | 96.3 | % | |||||
Hamlin | MH | Webberville | MI | 230 | — | 95.7 | % | 98.7 | % | |||||
Hickory Hills Village | MH | Battle Creek | MI | 283 | — | 97.5 | % | 97.5 | % | |||||
Hidden Ridge RV Resort (2) | RV | Hopkins | MI | 188 | 147 | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |||||
Holiday West Village | MH | Holland | MI | 341 | — | 100.0 | % | 99.7 | % | |||||
Holly Village / Hawaiian Gardens | MH | Holly | MI | 425 | — | 96.2 | % | 94.4 | % | |||||
Hunters Crossing | MH | Capac | MI | 114 | — | 98.2 | % | 99.1 | % | |||||
Hunters Glen | MH | Wayland | MI | 396 | — | 97.2 | % | 89.9 | % | (1) | ||||
Kensington Meadows | MH | Lansing | MI | 290 | — | 94.8 | % | 96.9 | % | |||||
Kimberly Estates | MH | Newport | MI | 387 | — | 98.4 | % | 98.7 | % | |||||
King's Court Mobile Village | MH | Traverse City | MI | 802 | — | 90.6 | % | 84.4 | % | (1) | ||||
Knollwood Estates | MH | Allendale | MI | 161 | — | 97.5 | % | 96.9 | % | |||||
Lafayette Place | MH | Warren | MI | 254 | — | 96.9 | % | 97.2 | % | |||||
Lakeview | MH | Ypsilanti | MI | 392 | — | 98.5 | % | 98.7 | % | |||||
Leisure Village | MH | Belmont | MI | 256 | — | 98.4 | % | 94.9 | ||||||